
Contents
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Hypertension Hypertension
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Definition Definition
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Isolated Systolic Hypertension Isolated Systolic Hypertension
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Evaluation Evaluation
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Drugs Drugs
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Laboratory Studies Laboratory Studies
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Treatment Treatment
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Lifestyle Modifications Lifestyle Modifications
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Pharmacologic Therapy Pharmacologic Therapy
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Thiazide Diuretics Thiazide Diuretics
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Loop Diuretics Loop Diuretics
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Furosemide Furosemide
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Bumetanide Bumetanide
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Potassium-Sparing Diuretics Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
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Spironolactone Spironolactone
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Eplerenone Eplerenone
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Triamterene Triamterene
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Amiloride Amiloride
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Adrenergic Inhibitors Adrenergic Inhibitors
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Peripherally Acting Inhibitors Peripherally Acting Inhibitors
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Centrally Acting α-Adrenergic Agonists Centrally Acting α-Adrenergic Agonists
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Traditional Direct Vasodilators Traditional Direct Vasodilators
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Hydralazine Hydralazine
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Minoxidil Minoxidil
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
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Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
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Direct Renin Inhibitors Direct Renin Inhibitors
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Calcium Channel Blockers Calcium Channel Blockers
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Follow-up Follow-up
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Secondary Hypertension Secondary Hypertension
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Renovascular Hypertension Renovascular Hypertension
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Screening Tests Screening Tests
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Duplex Ultrasonography Duplex Ultrasonography
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography Magnetic Resonance Angiography
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Spiral Computed Tomographic Angiography Spiral Computed Tomographic Angiography
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Captopril Radionuclide Renal Scan Captopril Radionuclide Renal Scan
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Captopril Test Captopril Test
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Renal Vein Renins Renal Vein Renins
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Digital Venous Subtraction Angiography Digital Venous Subtraction Angiography
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Renal Arteriography Renal Arteriography
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Therapy for Renovascular Hypertension Therapy for Renovascular Hypertension
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Renal Parenchymal Disease Renal Parenchymal Disease
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Primary Aldosteronism Primary Aldosteronism
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Clinical Features Clinical Features
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Laboratory Features Laboratory Features
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Pheochromocytoma Pheochromocytoma
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Signs and Symptoms Signs and Symptoms
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Screening Screening
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Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis and Treatment
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Coarctation of the Aorta Coarctation of the Aorta
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Other Causes of Hypertension Other Causes of Hypertension
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Hypertension in Pregnancy Hypertension in Pregnancy
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Definition Definition
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Treatment of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy Treatment of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
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Treatment of Preeclampsia-Eclampsia Treatment of Preeclampsia-Eclampsia
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Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis Treatment of Hypertensive Crisis
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Pregnancy, Hypertension, and Renal Disease Pregnancy, Hypertension, and Renal Disease
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Hypertension and Breast-feeding Hypertension and Breast-feeding
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Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies
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Definitions Definitions
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Hypertensive Emergency Hypertensive Emergency
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Hypertensive Urgency Hypertensive Urgency
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Causes Causes
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Evaluation and Management Evaluation and Management
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Hypertension Pharmacy Review Hypertension Pharmacy Review
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Questions and Answers Questions and Answers
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Questions Questions
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Answers Answers
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Cite
Abstract
Because blood pressure is a continuously distributed trait in the population and the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with the level of pressure increases progressively as it exceeds 115 mm Hg systolic or 75 mm Hg diastolic, the definition of hypertension is somewhat arbitrary. Currently for adults, it is defined as systolic pressure 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic pressure 90 mm Hg or higher. Systolic pressures between 120 and 139 mm Hg or diastolic pressures between 80 and 89 mm Hg are classified as prehypertension. Persons who have prehypertension are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease and progression to hypertension over time compared with persons who have normal pressure. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension are also reviewed.
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