
Contents
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9.1 On, upon, and onto 9.1 On, upon, and onto
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9.1a Basic meanings 9.1a Basic meanings
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9.1a-1 Physical connection 9.1a-1 Physical connection
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9.1a-2 Activated connection 9.1a-2 Activated connection
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9.1a-3 Detached connection 9.1a-3 Detached connection
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9.1b Prolongation 9.1b Prolongation
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9.1c Mental links 9.1c Mental links
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9.1c-1 Mental activity 9.1c-1 Mental activity
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9.1c-2 Mental attitude 9.1c-2 Mental attitude
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9.1c-3 Manner, outlook, and stance 9.1c-3 Manner, outlook, and stance
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9.1d State 9.1d State
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9.1e Dependence 9.1e Dependence
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9.1e-1 General dependency 9.1e-1 General dependency
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9.1e-2 Material dependency 9.1e-2 Material dependency
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9.1f Quantitative 9.1f Quantitative
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9.1g Temporal 9.1g Temporal
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9.1g-1 Temporal clause 9.1g-1 Temporal clause
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9.1h On, upon, and onto in phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs 9.1h On, upon, and onto in phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs
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9.1i Contrasting on and upon with other prepositions 9.1i Contrasting on and upon with other prepositions
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9.1i-1 Of and on 9.1i-1 Of and on
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9.1i-2 For and on 9.1i-2 For and on
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9.1i-3 By and on 9.1i-3 By and on
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9.1i-4 At, in, and on 9.1i-4 At, in, and on
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9.1i-5 At and on 9.1i-5 At and on
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9.1i-6 To and on 9.1i-6 To and on
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9.1i-7 Towards and (up)on 9.1i-7 Towards and (up)on
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9.1i-8 In and on 9.1i-8 In and on
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9.1i-9 Into and (up)on 9.1i-9 Into and (up)on
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9.2 Off and off-of 9.2 Off and off-of
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9.2a Removal and deprivation 9.2a Removal and deprivation
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9.2b Off-of 9.2b Off-of
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9.2c Off in phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs 9.2c Off in phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs
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9.2d Contrasting off with other prepositions 9.2d Contrasting off with other prepositions
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9.2d-1 From, out-of, and off 9.2d-1 From, out-of, and off
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9.2d-2 Out and off 9.2d-2 Out and off
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9.3 Against 9.3 Against
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9.3a Opposition 9.3a Opposition
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9.3a-1 Involving social acts 9.3a-1 Involving social acts
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9.3a-2 Contrary acts 9.3a-2 Contrary acts
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9.3b Contrast 9.3b Contrast
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9.3c Balance 9.3c Balance
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9.3d Against in phrasal verbs 9.3d Against in phrasal verbs
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9.3e Contrasting against with other prepositions 9.3e Contrasting against with other prepositions
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9.3e-1 With and against 9.3e-1 With and against
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9.3e-2 From and against 9.3e-2 From and against
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9.3e-3 On and against 9.3e-3 On and against
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9.4 Beside(s) 9.4 Beside(s)
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9.4a Basic meaning 9.4a Basic meaning
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9.4b Addition 9.4b Addition
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9.4c Contrasting by with beside 9.4c Contrasting by with beside
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9 Connection and adjacency: On, upon, onto, off, off-of; against; beside(s)
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Published:November 2021
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Abstract
This chapter refers to ‘connection’ as the full meaning of the preposition on. It considers on as the major member of the pairing on/off, stressing that on is far more common than off and has a wider range of meaning as off may refer to a ‘disconnection’. An off correspondent would require contextualization as are some uses of off for which there is no direct counterpart with on, although there may be an indirect link. The chapter details how on functioned as both preposition and adverb in Old English, with a meaning similar to that which it has today. In Middle English, innan ‘inside’ reduced its form and enlarged its sense to become modern-day in, allowing on /On/ to contract to its original meaning.
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