
Contents
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Background Background
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Literature Review Literature Review
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Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Background Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Background
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Age of the Child Age of the Child
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Gender of the Child Gender of the Child
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Social Background and Parenting Styles and PTSS Social Background and Parenting Styles and PTSS
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Hypotheses of the Present Study Hypotheses of the Present Study
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Methods Methods
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Population and Sample Population and Sample
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Instrument Package Instrument Package
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Sociodemographic data Sociodemographic data
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Exposure to Political Violence Scale (EPVS) Exposure to Political Violence Scale (EPVS)
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Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions (CPTSD-RI) Child Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions (CPTSD-RI)
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Parental Behavior Inventory Scale (PBIS) Parental Behavior Inventory Scale (PBIS)
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Procedures for Data Collection and Protection of Participants Procedures for Data Collection and Protection of Participants
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Data Analyses Data Analyses
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Results Results
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Frequency of Adolescents’ Exposure to Political Violence Frequency of Adolescents’ Exposure to Political Violence
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Relationship between Adolescents’ Exposure to Political Violence and PTSS Relationship between Adolescents’ Exposure to Political Violence and PTSS
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Discussion Discussion
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Strengths and Limitations of the Study Strengths and Limitations of the Study
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Implications for Intervention Implications for Intervention
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Acknowledgment Acknowledgment
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References References
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14 Promoting Resilience in Children Exposed to War and Political Violence by Strengthening Parenting
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16 Children, Not Soldiers: Preventing the Recruitment and Use of Children by Armed Forces and Groups
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17 Justice for Children Affected by Political Violence: The Role of the International Criminal Court
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6 Prolonged Exposure to Political Violence and the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Palestinian Adolescents: Moderating Effects of Parenting Styles, Age, and Gender
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Published:September 2020
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Abstract
This chapter investigates the relationship between prolonged exposure to political violence (EPV) and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among Palestinian adolescents. It also examines the moderating effect of participants’ age, gender, and parental socialization styles on the relationship between EPV and PTSS. A systematic cluster random sample of 2,934 Palestinian adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in the West Bank and East Jerusalem responded to self-administered questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive relationship between levels of EPV and of PTSS. Girls showed higher levels of PTSS than boys. Hostile and rejecting parenting styles, strict discipline, and negative evaluation from parents correlated positively with high PTSS, whereas intimate and loving parenting correlated with low levels of PTSS, supporting the hypotheses presented here. The chapter discusses the importance of intimate and loving parenting styles as a possible protective factor for mitigating the effects of political violence on children.
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