
Contents
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1 Puritans and Revolution: Remembering the Origin; Religion and Social Critique in Early New England
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From Hell to Hell's Kitchen From Hell to Hell's Kitchen
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Escalating Social Change: An Indication of Coming Godlessness? Escalating Social Change: An Indication of Coming Godlessness?
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Ingersoll's “Atheistical” Jeremiad Ingersoll's “Atheistical” Jeremiad
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Reason and William James's Metaphysics Reason and William James's Metaphysics
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The Varieties: Legitimizing Faith for the Present and Future The Varieties: Legitimizing Faith for the Present and Future
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Willing Belief: James and Agnosticism Willing Belief: James and Agnosticism
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The Lines Are Drawn The Lines Are Drawn
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Notes Notes
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6 The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: Mastery, Modern Doubt, and the Costs of Progress
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Published:September 2008
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Abstract
This chapter examines three important strands of progressive thought in the late nineteenth century to reveal the tensions between ideas about progress, religion, and science, and resulting predictions about America's religious future. This chapter first delineates a populist‐secular group of thinkers, exemplified by Robert Ingersoll, “the great agnostic” proponent of freethinking, whose prophecies blended the older jeremiad form with a heightened emphasis on atheistical science and Enlightment rationality. The second strand of thought explored in this chapter came from the ranks of progressive intellectuals, represented in part by the powerful pragmatic philosophy of religion developed by William James in his book, Varieties of Religious Experience. Finally, this chapter argues for a third diverse group comprised largely of ministers and social gospel activists, such as Walter Rauschenbusch, who attempted to reform the nation along explicitly Christian lines.
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