Tumours of the head and neck

doi:10.1093/med/9780198745440.003.0003

- Copyright Page
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Dedication
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Preface
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Acknowledgements
  - Notes
  - Notes
- List of abbreviations
  - Notes
  - Notes
- Contributors
  - Notes
  - Notes
1 Clinical approach to suspected cancer
- Notes
- Notes
2 Concepts of multidisciplinary management
- Notes
- Notes
- 3.1 Principles of management for cancer of the head and neck 3.1 Principles of management for cancer of the head and neck
  - Introduction Introduction
  - Aetiology and risk factors Aetiology and risk factors
  - Early stage disease Early stage disease
  - Locally advanced disease Locally advanced disease
  - Surgery Surgery
  - Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
    - Planning and delivery Planning and delivery
    - Dose and fractionation Dose and fractionation
    - Systemic treatments Systemic treatments
      - Curative Curative
      - Palliative treatment Palliative treatment
  - Principles of patient management Principles of patient management
- Further reading Further reading
  - Notes
- 3.2 Tumours of the eye, orbit, and ear 3.2 Tumours of the eye, orbit, and ear
  - Tumours of the eye Tumours of the eye
    - Clinical features Clinical features
    - Management Management
  - Tumours of the globe Tumours of the globe
    - Diagnosis Diagnosis
    - Malignant melanoma Malignant melanoma
    - Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma
    - Management Management
  - Tumours of the orbit Tumours of the orbit
    - Clinical features Clinical features
    - Management Management
  - Tumours of the ear Tumours of the ear
    - Clinical features Clinical features
    - Investigations Investigations
    - Management Management
  - Tumours of the middle ear Tumours of the middle ear
    - Clinical features Clinical features
    - Investigations Investigations
    - Management Management
- 3.3 Salivary gland cancers 3.3 Salivary gland cancers
  - Introduction Introduction
  - Anatomy Anatomy
  - Pathology Pathology
    - Low Low
    - High High
  - Clinical features Clinical features
    - Major glands Major glands
    - Minor glands Minor glands
  - Investigations Investigations
    - Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)
    - Imaging Imaging
  - Management Management
    - Major salivary glands Major salivary glands
    - Minor salivary glands Minor salivary glands
    - Neck disease Neck disease
    - Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
  - Prognosis Prognosis
    - Pleomorphic adenoma Pleomorphic adenoma
- 3.4 Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses 3.4 Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
  - Introduction Introduction
  - Pathology Pathology
  - Aetiology Aetiology
  - Presentation Presentation
  - Investigations Investigations
  - Management Management
  - Prognosis Prognosis
- 3.5 Nasopharynx 3.5 Nasopharynx
  - Introduction Introduction
  - Aetiology Aetiology
  - Clinical features Clinical features
  - Investigations Investigations
  - Management Management
  - Prognosis Prognosis
- 3.6 Lip and oral cavity 3.6 Lip and oral cavity
  - Introduction Introduction
  - Anatomy Anatomy
  - Aetiology and pathology Aetiology and pathology
  - Clinical features and natural history Clinical features and natural history
  - Management Management
  - Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
  - Prognosis Prognosis
- 3.7 Oropharynx 3.7 Oropharynx
  - Introduction Introduction
  - Anatomy Anatomy
  - Pathology Pathology
  - Clinical features and natural history Clinical features and natural history
  - Investigations Investigations
  - Management Management
  - Prognosis Prognosis
- Further reading Further reading
  - Notes
- 3.8 Hypopharynx 3.8 Hypopharynx
  - Epidemiology Epidemiology
  - Anatomy Anatomy
  - Aetiology Aetiology
  - Natural history and patterns of spread Natural history and patterns of spread
  - Clinical features Clinical features
  - Management Management
  - Prognosis Prognosis
- 3.9 Larynx 3.9 Larynx
  - Epidemiology Epidemiology
  - Aetiology Aetiology
  - Natural history and patterns of spread Natural history and patterns of spread
  - Clinical features Clinical features
  - Management Management
    - Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
  - Prognosis Prognosis
  - Rehabilitation Rehabilitation
  - Voice rehabilitation Voice rehabilitation
- 3.10 Uncommon tumours of the head and neck 3.10 Uncommon tumours of the head and neck
  - Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs)
  - Mucosal melanoma Mucosal melanoma
  - Sarcomas Sarcomas
  - Plasmacytomas Plasmacytomas
  - Paragangliomas Paragangliomas
    - Neuroendocrine tumours Neuroendocrine tumours
- Further reading Further reading
  - Notes
- 3.11 Management of neck nodes 3.11 Management of neck nodes
  - Anatomy of neck nodes Anatomy of neck nodes
  - Management of neck nodes in known primary tumour Management of neck nodes in known primary tumour
    - The N0 neck The N0 neck
    - The N positive neck The N positive neck
  - Surgery Surgery
    - Radical neck dissection Radical neck dissection
    - Modified radical neck dissection Modified radical neck dissection
    - Selective neck dissection Selective neck dissection
    - Extended radical neck dissection Extended radical neck dissection
  - Radiotherapy Radiotherapy
  - Management of neck nodes in unknown primary Management of neck nodes in unknown primary
- Further reading Further reading
  - Notes
- Notes
- Notes
4 Tumours of the central nervous system
- Notes
- Notes
5 Thoracic tumours
- Notes
- Notes
6 Breast cancer
- Notes
- Notes
7 Cancers of the gastrointestinal system
- Notes
- Notes
8 Cancers of the genitourinary system
- Notes
- Notes
9 Cancers of the female genital system
- Notes
- Notes
10 Cancers of the skin
- Notes
- Notes
11 Cancers of the musculoskeletal system
- Notes
- Notes
12 Tumours of the haemopoietic system
- Notes
- Notes
13 Endocrine tumours
- Notes
- Notes
14 Paediatric tumours
- Notes
- Notes
15 Oncological emergencies and acute oncology
- Notes
- Notes
16 Special situations in oncology
- Notes
- Notes
17 Palliative care
- Notes
- Notes
18 Clinical management of cancers—flowcharts
- Notes
- Notes

Chapter

3 Tumours of the head and neck

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https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745440.003.0003

Pages

48–69

Published:

April 2021

Abstract

This chapter covers tumours of the head and neck, the region encompassing anatomical sites below the brain and above the clavicles, excluding skin and thyroid. The sites most commonly involved with cancer are the oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx. Since 1990, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer has significantly increased in England. The incidence of oral cavity cancer has increased slightly, whilst the incidence of laryngeal cancer has decreased. Overall five-year survival rates for head and neck cancer have improved only slightly over the past two decades remaining at just over 50%. This reflects the population who present with this disease in terms of age and comorbidity, a tendency for development of second primaries and metastases, and the presentation in 60% with advanced disease (stage III/IV). The dominant pattern of treatment failure in head and neck cancer is loco-regional relapse and as well as control of the primary disease, the treatment of neck nodes, either clinically involved or initially uninvolved nodes to prevent disease developing remains an important challenge for clinicians involved in the management of these patients. Topics covered in this chapter include principles of diagnosis and management of cancers of the head and neck, including tumours of the eye, orbit, and ear, salivary gland cancers, nose, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, lip and oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and uncommon tumours of the head and neck region as well as approaches to the treatment of neck nodes. Outcomes of various treatment approaches are presented.

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Contents

3 Tumours of the head and neck

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