
Published online:
01 November 2020
Published in print:
01 January 2021
Online ISBN:
9780191799501
Print ISBN:
9780198734949
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Taking a history from a child Taking a history from a child
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Allergies Allergies
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Medicines Medicines
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Past medical history Past medical history
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Last food and drink Last food and drink
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Events leading up to the current problem Events leading up to the current problem
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Other sources of information Other sources of information
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The scene The scene
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Information from carers Information from carers
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Information from witnesses Information from witnesses
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The child’s own history The child’s own history
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Direct questioning Direct questioning
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ABCDE ABCDE
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Airway Airway
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Breathing Breathing
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Circulation Circulation
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Disability Disability
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The following questions may be helpful in particular circumstances The following questions may be helpful in particular circumstances
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In the case of fitting In the case of fitting
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In all cases of unconsciousness/diabetes In all cases of unconsciousness/diabetes
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Environment Environment
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Important questions in neonates and infants Important questions in neonates and infants
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Are there any symptoms of child abuse or neglect? Are there any symptoms of child abuse or neglect?
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Patient handover Patient handover
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Identification and management of the seriously ill or injured child Identification and management of the seriously ill or injured child
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Weight Weight
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Vital signs Vital signs
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Heart rate Heart rate
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Blood pressure Blood pressure
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Respiratory rate Respiratory rate
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Recognition of <C>ABC problems Recognition of <C>ABC problems
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Airway Airway
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Breathing Breathing
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Circulatory assessment Circulatory assessment
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Disability Disability
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Monitoring Monitoring
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Management of <C>ABC emergencies Management of <C>ABC emergencies
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Airway Airway
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Notes Notes
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Breathing Breathing
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Circulation Circulation
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Disability Disability
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Environment Environment
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Paediatric emergencies Paediatric emergencies
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Respiratory emergencies—introduction Respiratory emergencies—introduction
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Diagnostic respiratory noises include Diagnostic respiratory noises include
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Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Treatment Treatment
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Note Note
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Epiglottitis Epiglottitis
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Treatment Treatment
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Bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Treatment Treatment
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Asthma Asthma
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Clinical classification Clinical classification
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Mild asthma Mild asthma
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Moderate asthma Moderate asthma
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Severe asthma Severe asthma
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Life-threatening asthma Life-threatening asthma
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Management Management
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Mild asthma Mild asthma
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Moderate asthma Moderate asthma
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Severe asthma Severe asthma
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Life-threatening asthma Life-threatening asthma
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Asthma in Children under the age of two Asthma in Children under the age of two
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Pneumonia Pneumonia
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Inhaled foreign body Inhaled foreign body
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Technique of back blows Technique of back blows
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In an infant In an infant
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In a child over 1 year In a child over 1 year
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Technique of chest thrusts Technique of chest thrusts
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In an infant In an infant
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Abdominal thrusts for children over 1 year Abdominal thrusts for children over 1 year
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The child who is choking and becomes unconscious The child who is choking and becomes unconscious
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Advanced intervention Advanced intervention
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Convulsions Convulsions
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Treatment Treatment
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Metabolic emergencies Metabolic emergencies
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Hypoglycaemia Hypoglycaemia
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Treatment Treatment
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Hyperglycaemia Hyperglycaemia
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The unconscious child The unconscious child
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Airway Airway
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Breathing Breathing
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Circulation Circulation
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Disability Disability
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Exposure Exposure
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Diarrhoea and vomiting Diarrhoea and vomiting
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Mild dehydration Mild dehydration
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Moderate dehydration Moderate dehydration
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Severe dehydration Severe dehydration
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Meningitis Meningitis
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Under 3 years Under 3 years
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Clinical features include Clinical features include
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Older children Older children
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Clinical features include Clinical features include
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Meningococcal septicaemia Meningococcal septicaemia
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Sepsis Sepsis
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Poisoning Poisoning
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Management Management
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Paediatric life support Paediatric life support
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Pathogenesis of cardiac arrest in children Pathogenesis of cardiac arrest in children
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Parents and resuscitation Parents and resuscitation
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Paediatric resuscitation Paediatric resuscitation
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Airway management Airway management
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Simple airway techniques Simple airway techniques
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Advanced airway techniques Advanced airway techniques
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Intubation is achieved by Intubation is achieved by
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Needle and surgical cricothyroidotomy Needle and surgical cricothyroidotomy
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Paediatric basic life support Paediatric basic life support
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Airway Airway
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Breathing Breathing
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Circulation Circulation
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Treatment algorithms (non-shockable rhythms) Treatment algorithms (non-shockable rhythms)
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Assessing the cardiac rhythm Assessing the cardiac rhythm
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Non-shockable (asystole or PEA) Non-shockable (asystole or PEA)
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Causes of non-shockable rhythms Causes of non-shockable rhythms
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‘Four Hs’ ‘Four Hs’
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Hypoxia Hypoxia
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Hypovolaemia Hypovolaemia
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Hyper/hypokalaemia and metabolic problems Hyper/hypokalaemia and metabolic problems
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Hypothermia Hypothermia
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‘Four Ts’ ‘Four Ts’
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Thromboembolism (coronary or pulmonary) Thromboembolism (coronary or pulmonary)
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Tension pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax
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Tamponade (cardiac) Tamponade (cardiac)
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Toxic/therapeutic disturbance Toxic/therapeutic disturbance
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Shockable rhythms (VF and pVT) Shockable rhythms (VF and pVT)
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Return of spontaneous circulation Return of spontaneous circulation
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Post resuscitation Post resuscitation
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Resuscitation in the newborn Resuscitation in the newborn
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Trauma in children Trauma in children
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Anatomy and physiology Anatomy and physiology
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Psychology Psychology
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Scene assessment Scene assessment
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Patient assessment Patient assessment
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<C> <C>
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Airway Airway
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Cervical spine control Cervical spine control
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Breathing Breathing
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Management Management
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Flail chest Flail chest
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Haemothorax Haemothorax
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Open pneumothorax Open pneumothorax
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Tension pneumothorax Tension pneumothorax
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Circulation Circulation
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Treatment Treatment
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Disability Disability
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Exposure and the environment Exposure and the environment
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Secondary survey Secondary survey
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Head Head
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Neck Neck
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Chest Chest
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The abdomen and pelvis The abdomen and pelvis
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Extremities Extremities
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Monitoring Monitoring
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Burns Burns
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Shock Shock
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Consent Consent
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Analgesia Analgesia
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Non-pharmacological pain management Non-pharmacological pain management
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Distraction Distraction
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Reassurance Reassurance
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Environment Environment
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Immobilization Immobilization
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Pharmacological pain management Pharmacological pain management
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Mild pain Mild pain
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Moderate pain Moderate pain
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Severe pain Severe pain
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Child abuse and neglect Child abuse and neglect
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Triage Triage
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Paediatric doses Paediatric doses
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Cite
Greaves, Ian, and Keith Porter, 'Child health', Oxford Handbook of Pre-hospital Care, 2 edn, Oxford Medical Handbooks (Oxford , 2021; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Nov. 2020), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734949.003.0008, accessed 29 Apr. 2025.
Abstract
This chapter covers managing the acutely ill or injured child. It starts with taking a history from a child, and ways of communicating with the child. Direct questions to ask from carers are also listed. The assessment of children is detailed, and recognition of <C>ABC problems is covered, alongside the management of ABC emergencies. Paediatric emergencies and their treatment are explained, and life support of children is included. Trauma in children (the leading cause of death in children over 1 year of age) and management, consent, analgesia, and child abuse and neglect are all contained in this chapter. Finally, paediatric drug doses are tabulated.
Subject
Emergency Medicine
Series
Oxford Medical Handbooks
Collection:
Oxford Medicine Online
Disclaimer
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct.
Readers must therefore always …
More
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct.
Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets
provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or
legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages
and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.
© Oxford University Press
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