
Contents
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Reconciling Incongruity and Integrative Processing Reconciling Incongruity and Integrative Processing
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Neural Substrates of Holistic Thinking Neural Substrates of Holistic Thinking
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Attention/Cognitive Control during Holistic Thinking Attention/Cognitive Control during Holistic Thinking
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Causal Attributions and Trait Inferences Causal Attributions and Trait Inferences
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Moral Decision-Making Moral Decision-Making
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Arithmetic Processing Arithmetic Processing
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Future Directions in the Cultural Neuroscience of Holistic and Dialectical Reasoning Future Directions in the Cultural Neuroscience of Holistic and Dialectical Reasoning
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Plasticity of Holistic Thinking Plasticity of Holistic Thinking
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Holism and Interdependent Self-Construals Holism and Interdependent Self-Construals
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Dialectical Thinking and Tolerance for Contradiction Dialectical Thinking and Tolerance for Contradiction
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Concluding Remarks Concluding Remarks
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Acknowledgement Acknowledgement
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References References
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6 The Cultural Neuroscience of Holistic Thinking
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Published:January 2018
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Abstract
Cultural diversity in patterns for understanding and conceptualizing one’s relationships with others may have led to diverse cultural systems for interpreting, thinking, and reasoning about the world. Eastern holistic systems of thought rely on connectedness and relations as a primary way of understanding the world, whereas Western analytic systems of thought rely on discreteness or substansiveness as an epistemological way of thinking. From attention and cognition to social cognitive processes, neural systems have likewise adapted differently across cultural contexts to facilitate divergent systems of social interactions and relations. This chapter reviews recent evidence for cultural influences on neural systems of analytic/holistic thinking, and discusses the relevance of this neuroscientific evidence, such as that from functional magnetic resonance imaging and analysis of event-related potentials, for cultural-psychological theories of holism and dialecticism.
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