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Disease Description Disease Description
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Epidemiology Epidemiology
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Clinical Context of IE Clinical Context of IE
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Diagnosis Diagnosis
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Organisms Organisms
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Treatment Treatment
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Surgical Treatment Surgical Treatment
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Prophylaxis Prophylaxis
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Complications Complications
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Suggested Readings and References Suggested Readings and References
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Cite
Abstract
Infectious endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the heart’s innermost layer, the endothelium. Most cases require a predisposing injury to the endocardium to serve as a nidus for thrombus development, which in turn acts as nidus for bloodstream microorganisms. These intravascular microorganisms can result from dental and other invasive procedures, infected vascular catheters, and skin lesions. However, most episodes of IE result from transient bacteremia during menial tasks, such as chewing and brushing one’s teeth. Blood cultures and echocardiograms are critical for IE diagnosis. Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the preferred diagnostic tool for prosthetic valve endocarditis and cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. IE complicated by heart failure and cerebral emboli has high rates of morbidity and mortality. Large vegetation, mobile lesions, mitral valve vegetation, and infection by S. aureus and fungi are more likely to result in embolic phenomena. Indications for surgery include severe heart failure, persistent infection, fungal infection, heart block, and abscess formation.
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