Paediatric Intensive Care
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Introduction
The gut is a sensitive gauge to an individual's general state of health. This is particularly relevant in children where a diverse range of diseases can result in abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhoea, or vomiting. Consequently disturbances of the GI or hepatobiliary systems are frequently seen in PICU. These may represent primary GI disease, e.g. volvulus or pancreatitis, or may be secondary to systemic disease, e.g. sepsis.
Development of gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system
...
The liver is relatively large in a newborn but has immature function:
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Gastrointestinal structure, function, and applied physiology
All functions of the GI tract can be disrupted to varying degrees in the critically ill child. These can be summarized as:
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Digestion, absorption, and intermediary metabolism
Nutrients are
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Critical illness leads to a reduced intake of all nutrients as well as an alteration of the body's nutrient requirements (see 
p.278):
...
See Box 30.1
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