
Philip Cowen
et al.
Published online:
01 November 2013
Published in print:
01 August 2012
Online ISBN:
9780191766794
Print ISBN:
9780199605613
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Clinical features Clinical features
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Depressive syndromes Depressive syndromes
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Severe depressive episode Severe depressive episode
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Appearance Appearance
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Mood Mood
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Depressive cognitions Depressive cognitions
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Goal-directed behaviour Goal-directed behaviour
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Psychomotor changes Psychomotor changes
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Biological symptoms Biological symptoms
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Other features Other features
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Psychotic depression Psychotic depression
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Other clinical variants of depressive disorders Other clinical variants of depressive disorders
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Agitated depression Agitated depression
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Retarded depression Retarded depression
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Depressive stupor Depressive stupor
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Atypical depression Atypical depression
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Mild depressive states Mild depressive states
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Minor mood disorders Minor mood disorders
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Classification Classification
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Clinical picture Clinical picture
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Mania Mania
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Mixed mood (affective) states Mixed mood (affective) states
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Rapid cycling disorders Rapid cycling disorders
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Manic stupor Manic stupor
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Transcultural factors Transcultural factors
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Classification of mood disorders Classification of mood disorders
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Classification of depression Classification of depression
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Classification in DSM and ICD Classification in DSM and ICD
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Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder
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Depressive disorders Depressive disorders
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Classification and description in everyday practice Classification and description in everyday practice
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Differential diagnosis Differential diagnosis
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Depressive disorder Depressive disorder
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Anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders
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Schizophrenia Schizophrenia
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Dementia and other organic conditions Dementia and other organic conditions
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Mania Mania
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Schizophrenia Schizophrenia
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Organic brain disorder and drug misuse Organic brain disorder and drug misuse
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The epidemiology of mood disorders The epidemiology of mood disorders
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The aetiology of mood disorders The aetiology of mood disorders
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Genetic causes Genetic causes
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Family and twin studies Family and twin studies
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Familial aggregation Familial aggregation
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Twin studies Twin studies
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Genetic evidence on classification of mood disorders Genetic evidence on classification of mood disorders
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Mode of inheritance Mode of inheritance
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Molecular genetics Molecular genetics
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Linkage studies Linkage studies
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Association studies Association studies
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Personality Personality
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Early environment Early environment
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Parental deprivation Parental deprivation
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Relationships with parents Relationships with parents
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Precipitating factors Precipitating factors
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Recent life events Recent life events
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Methodological considerations Methodological considerations
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Findings Findings
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Mania Mania
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Vulnerability factors and life difficulties Vulnerability factors and life difficulties
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The effects of physical illness The effects of physical illness
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Psychological approaches to aetiology Psychological approaches to aetiology
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Cognitive theories Cognitive theories
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Neurobiological approaches to aetiology Neurobiological approaches to aetiology
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The monoamine hypothesis The monoamine hypothesis
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5-HT function 5-HT function
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Noradrenaline function Noradrenaline function
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Dopamine function Dopamine function
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Role of monoamines Role of monoamines
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Amino acid neurotransmitters Amino acid neurotransmitters
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Endocrine abnormalities Endocrine abnormalities
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Endocrine pathology and depression Endocrine pathology and depression
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Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis
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Thyroid function Thyroid function
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Depression and the immune system Depression and the immune system
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Sleep changes in depression Sleep changes in depression
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Brain imaging in mood disorder Brain imaging in mood disorder
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Structural brain imaging Structural brain imaging
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Cerebral blood flow and metabolism Cerebral blood flow and metabolism
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Neuropsychological changes in mood disorder Neuropsychological changes in mood disorder
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Course and prognosis Course and prognosis
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Mortality of mood disorders Mortality of mood disorders
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Prognostic factors Prognostic factors
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The acute treatment of depression The acute treatment of depression
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Antidepressant drugs Antidepressant drugs
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Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
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Tolerance relative to tricyclics Tolerance relative to tricyclics
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
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Combination of MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants Combination of MAOIs and tricyclic antidepressants
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Other antidepressants Other antidepressants
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Lithium Lithium
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Lithium as a sole treatment Lithium as a sole treatment
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Lithium in combination with antidepressants Lithium in combination with antidepressants
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Anticonvulsants Anticonvulsants
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Atypical antipsychotic drugs Atypical antipsychotic drugs
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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Comparison with simulated ECT Comparison with simulated ECT
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Comparison with other treatments Comparison with other treatments
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Indications for ECT Indications for ECT
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Psychological treatment Psychological treatment
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Supportive psychotherapy and problem solving Supportive psychotherapy and problem solving
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Cognitive–behaviour therapy Cognitive–behaviour therapy
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Interpersonal psychotherapy Interpersonal psychotherapy
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Couple therapy Couple therapy
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Dynamic psychotherapy Dynamic psychotherapy
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Other treatments Other treatments
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Sleep deprivation Sleep deprivation
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Bright light treatment Bright light treatment
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The acute treatment of mania The acute treatment of mania
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Medication Medication
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Antipsychotic drugs Antipsychotic drugs
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Typical antipsychotic drugs Typical antipsychotic drugs
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Atypical antipsychotic drugs Atypical antipsychotic drugs
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Mood stabilizers Mood stabilizers
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Lithium Lithium
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Carbamazepine Carbamazepine
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Valproate Valproate
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Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines
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Electroconvulsive therapy Electroconvulsive therapy
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The longer-term treatment of mood disorders The longer-term treatment of mood disorders
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Prevention of relapse and recurrence Prevention of relapse and recurrence
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Drug treatment of unipolar depression Drug treatment of unipolar depression
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Continuation treatment Continuation treatment
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Maintenance treatment Maintenance treatment
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Drug treatment of bipolar disorder Drug treatment of bipolar disorder
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Continuation treatment Continuation treatment
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Maintenance treatment Maintenance treatment
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Psychotherapy Psychotherapy
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Cognitive therapy Cognitive therapy
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Unipolar depression Unipolar depression
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Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder
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Interpersonal therapy Interpersonal therapy
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The assessment of depressive disorders The assessment of depressive disorders
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The management of depressive disorders The management of depressive disorders
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Choice and use of antidepressant drug Choice and use of antidepressant drug
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The use of ECT The use of ECT
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Activity Activity
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Psychotherapy Psychotherapy
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Failure to respond to initial treatment Failure to respond to initial treatment
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Change in antidepressant drug treatment Change in antidepressant drug treatment
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Augmentation of antidepressant drug treatment Augmentation of antidepressant drug treatment
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Lithium augmentation Lithium augmentation
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Antipsychotic drugs Antipsychotic drugs
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Tri-iodothyronine (T3) Tri-iodothyronine (T3)
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Combination treatment with antidepressants Combination treatment with antidepressants
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The use of ECT in resistant depression The use of ECT in resistant depression
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Other important measures Other important measures
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Prevention of relapse and recurrence in depression Prevention of relapse and recurrence in depression
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Drug treatment Drug treatment
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Continuation therapy Continuation therapy
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Maintenance treatment Maintenance treatment
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Choice of medication Choice of medication
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Other measures Other measures
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The assessment of mania The assessment of mania
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The management of manic patients The management of manic patients
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Prevention of relapse and recurrence Prevention of relapse and recurrence
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Continuation treatment Continuation treatment
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Maintenance treatment Maintenance treatment
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Medication Medication
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Psychosocial approaches Psychosocial approaches
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Further reading Further reading
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Cite
Cowen, Philip, Paul Harrison, and Tom Burns, 'Mood disorders', Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 6 edn, Oxford Textbooks (Oxford , 2012; online edn, Oxford Academic, 1 Nov. 2013), https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199605613.003.0010, accessed 24 Apr. 2025.
Abstract
Chapter 10 discusses mood disorders, including clinical features, transcultural features, classification and differential diagnosis, epidemiology and aetiology, course and prognosis, acute treatment of depression and mania, longer-term treatment strategies, assessment and management of depressive disorders, assessment of mania, and management of manic patients.
Disclaimer
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct.
Readers must therefore always …
More
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct.
Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheets
provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or
legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages
and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.
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