
Contents
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The Evolutionary Neuroandrogenic Theory The Evolutionary Neuroandrogenic Theory
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The Evolutionary Proposition The Evolutionary Proposition
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The Neuroandrogenic Proposition The Neuroandrogenic Proposition
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Using Ena Theory for Crime Prevention and Treatment Using Ena Theory for Crime Prevention and Treatment
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Social Learning Approaches Social Learning Approaches
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Mentoring Programs Mentoring Programs
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Parenting Management Training Parenting Management Training
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Language-Focused Programs Language-Focused Programs
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Self-Control and Moral Reasoning Training Self-Control and Moral Reasoning Training
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Pharmacological/Neurological Approaches Pharmacological/Neurological Approaches
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Stimulant Arousal Control Medication Stimulant Arousal Control Medication
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Anti-androgens Anti-androgens
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Antipsychotic Medication Antipsychotic Medication
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Atypical Antipsychotic Medication Atypical Antipsychotic Medication
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Anticonvulsant Medication Anticonvulsant Medication
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Serotonin-altering Medications Serotonin-altering Medications
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Reducing Lead Exposure Reducing Lead Exposure
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Eeg Biofeedback Eeg Biofeedback
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Eugenic Approaches Eugenic Approaches
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Abortion Legalization Abortion Legalization
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Incarceration Rates Incarceration Rates
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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Cite
Abstract
Most criminologists only study social influences on criminal behavior. That narrow-minded tradition should be in our past; the era of neurologically specific theories has arrived. These are theories that identify how the brains of offenders differ on average from the brains of nonoffenders, whether the causes are genetic or environmental. This chapter presents such a theory: the evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory of criminal behavior. ENA theory asserts that genes have evolved ways of altering human brain functioning—particularly among males—to exhibit increased criminality during their early reproductive years. Theoretically, males as a whole have evolved greater tendencies than females to victimize others. These male victimizing tendencies have been naturally selected for, because females have been favored for choosing mates who are reliable and capable provisioners of resources.
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