
Contents
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1962–3 1962–3
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Kashmir: A Primer Kashmir: A Primer
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‘God Shall Protect Pakistan’ ‘God Shall Protect Pakistan’
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A Defence Pact with Pakistan A Defence Pact with Pakistan
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Kennedy and Kashmir Kennedy and Kashmir
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Pakistan and the China War Pakistan and the China War
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Preparing for Talks Preparing for Talks
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Assistance for Talks Assistance for Talks
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Defence in Shambles Defence in Shambles
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The Soviet Union: Not an Option The Soviet Union: Not an Option
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Talks Talks
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Round One: Rawalpindi Round One: Rawalpindi
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Round Two: Delhi Round Two: Delhi
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Round Three: Karachi Round Three: Karachi
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The Next Two Rounds: Calcutta and Karachi The Next Two Rounds: Calcutta and Karachi
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The Last Round: Delhi The Last Round: Delhi
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Cite
Abstract
The chapter looks at the period between the end of the Sino-Indian Border conflict towards the end of November 1962 and the summer of 1963. Indeed, and apart from the tragedy Indian elites were forced to deal with during the time of war, it was the period that immediately followed that really tested the inherent tenacity of India’s foreign policy bureaucracy led by Jawaharlal Nehru. In return for long-term military assistance, both President John F. Kennedy and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan tried their best to convince India to negotiate the future of Kashmir with Pakistan. In particular, Anglo-American diplomatic objectives were designed to leverage the present moment of crises to push Nehru and Pakistani President Ayub Khan to negotiate. To be sure, Khan was insistent on talks. The chapter provides a detailed background to these dialogues. It recounts how Pakistan engaged China. More substantially, the chapter provides a detailed analysis of why the talks failed, and why Kennedy finally realised that India had ‘Swung back’ – this was not a state that would be easily pushed on a question as potent as Kashmir, even at a time when India needed the US more than it ever has till date.
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