
Cover image

Cover Illustration: May 31 and June 1, 2021, mark the centenary of one of the worst outbreaks of anti-Black violence in American history, when a white mob numbering in the thousands unleashed a military-style assault on Tulsa's vibrant Black community. In the aftermath of the violence and destruction, reports estimated that as many as three hundred Black people had been killed and every significant structure in Greenwood had been either destroyed or severely damaged. The top photo illustrates this devastation from the intersection at Greenwood Avenue and Archer Street. The lower photo shows the same intersection less than two decades later. As Karlos Hill points out in his essay about ongoing efforts to memorialize the massacre, survivors and their descendants remain resilient. Top photo: “After the race riots, June 1st, 1921, Tulsa, Okla.,,” American National Red Cross photograph collection, Library of Congress; bottom photo: with permission of the Greenwood Cultural Center, Tulsa.