...Although the locus of oversight had shifted to the localities in the late-seventeenth century, this move did not spell the end of effective oversight of the violent death. In response to a perceived crisis of crime and violence, legislation was enacted in the mid-eighteenth century which...

... in the preservation of forest conditions” in their surroundings. The chapter also explores further challenges Congress faced with forest reserve legislation, including issues such as reserve management and whether or not and how often the extractive industries are allowed to work these lands. The chapter shows some...

..., the only national park established during the McKinley administration. The Mount Rainier park legislation was the first example of layering reservations or designations of public land on top of one another, a technique that became more and more common over the years. Designations proliferated to include...

...This introductory chapter provides an overview of the influence and accomplishments of Benjamin V. Cohen, which include major roles in drafting the landmark financial legislation of the new Deal—the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the Public Utility Holding Company...

...This chapter describes the drafting and provisions of the Cohen–Corcoran–Landis bill, which formed the basis of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; Wall Street's adverse reactions to the proposed stock exchange legislation; revisions of the bill; Cohen's ability to navigate in the treacherous...

... in conformity with the constitution. Externally, the pressure derives from supranational developments. Ordinary judges, working under the guidance of the European Court of Justice, are entitled to review national legislation to guarantee that the laws of the European Union are respected. In some countries...

... in English Caribbean colonies. None, however, reveals as clearly the tensions and contradictions inherent to the slave system as that concerning the intercolonial movement of enslaved persons during the years between the 1807 abolition of the transatlantic slave trade and the 1833 emancipation legislation...

...This chapter is an overview of the US Congress and its major functions of representation and legislation. It argues that many of the characteristics of Congress with which Americans are so impatient stem directly from the institution's democratic nature. The legislative process is complicated...

...This chapter examines how the politicians elected to Mikhail Gorbachev's parliament in 1989 used the limited powers they had to influence policy through legislation. It looks at the relation between deputies' electoral mandates and their participation in the Supreme Soviet, its two chambers...

...Boris Yeltsin's clash with Mikhail Gorbachev, and then with Ruslan Khasbulatov, over the distribution of constitutional powers had important implications for the parliament of Russia. In particular, the deputies elected to the new parliament introduced rules and procedures on legislation...

...This chapter looks at the basic politics of House minority party legislating. It explores how the lawmaking activity of the party has changed since 1970 as its opportunities to shape legislation have slowly weakened. It also discusses some of the important legislative procedures and tactics...

... policies that led to unwise increased taxation; free trade in the international arena; affliction of permititis at the federal and state levels; recent developments of the Obama health care legislation; and employment relations in public and private sectors. Progressivism Federalism Regulation Property...

... administration violates its provisions. He must defend the Constitution against the violations of others by vetoing unconstitutional congressional legislation, and declining to reinforce unconstitutional federal statutes. He must also criticize the judiciary's constitutional misconstructions, and hinder...

... and insanitary living conditions of the poorer members of society. It stresses that measures taken to address these problems are not just evidence of insanitary conditions, but are also part of a long tradition of proactive sanitary legislation which sought to cleanse houses and streets of the filth seen...

... to threaten a veto of the Compromise of 1850, and believed in the use of the veto against constitutionally suspect legislation. Compromise of 1850 Democratic Party Harrison William Henry Jackson Andrew patronage federal Taylor Zachary veto power Washington George Whig Party in United States Crampton...

... effective means for autonomous participation in the legislative process. The old centralized parliament was replaced by two new forms of institutional representation, political factions and a federal upper house. These changes have allowed the parliament to expand its capacity to represent a diverse range...

..., judges were to have a restricted role, and determining the validity of legislation was not a power to be allocated to them. To guarantee the supremacy of the constitution over ordinary law, alternative institutions had to be conceived. Constitutional courts finally emerged as the appropriate bodies...

...This chapter focuses on an important organization: the Council of Europe. Its principal mission is to protect human rights. The European Convention on Human Rights, which the Council of Europe adopted in 1950, must be observed by national legislation. This international treaty was an important step...

... colonies had different fundamental laws, charters, and local legislation and courts. Publication of American law books came slowly from the earliest American printing presses. Not surprisingly, these first books were not carefully written legal treatises. They were instead publications of the colonial...

...This chapter focuses on the three assaults on regulation, highlighting the efforts in the executive branch to rein-in the regulatory agencies, and in Congress to pass omnibus regulatory reform legislation. The assaults proceeded along many dimensions as the business community's influence...