... coping strategies. Social factors include reduced social support, poor family environments, and low religious support. Individual differences Anger Anger expression Behavioral response to stress Depression Emotional Defensiveness Hypothesis Hypertensive personality Negative affect Negative Affect...

...Adaptation and coping with parenting stress involve a number of psychological processes. This chapter evaluates the effectiveness of some coping strategies that may reduce parenting stress and improve children's developmental outcomes. Some of these strategies include problem- and emotion-focused...

...Parenting stress refers to a set of processes resulting in aversive psychological and physiological reactions that emerge from attempts to adapt to the demands of parenthood. This chapter discusses the nature, causes, and consequences of parenting stress. It also discusses coping mechanisms...

... influence or influenced by stress and coping during the transition to parenthood. children families parenthood parenting stress responsibility parenthood and community discipline grandparents pregnancy punishment physical social support change stress and child abuse depression in parents...

... parenting stress, the influences of parents on their children as well as children on their parents, and the effects of biological and environmental factors. Beginning with an overview of theories of stress and coping, he goes on to describe how parenting stress is linked with problems in adult and child...