... in the region. The history of enslaved mariners and seafarers is explored, showing the existence of a maritime proletariat. The reign of Malik Ambar is discussed as well as the role of Europeans in bringing war captives and other enslaved persons into maritime commerce. With the rise of demand for indentured...

...This chapter examines John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost. It suggests that in this poem Milton investigated the literary consequences of the codependence of force and commerce in the Restoration regime's ideology of trade and that his representation of Satan's “enterprise...

... as a “plural society” bustling with commerce and racial diversity. Kipling Rudyard Rangoon later Yangon Shwedagon pagoda Aung San Suu Kyi British Buddhism China Mindon king commerce Neruda Pablo Victoria queen Yangon formerly Rangoon Anglo Burmese wars Arakan Ava Bengal Bay of Burma key facts...

... after the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) ended British participation in the War of the Spanish Succession. Discussion touches on a wide array of topics: geography, the structure of colonial commerce, and regional economic interdependence; money (including bills of exchange), capital, credit, and debt; marine...

...This chapter describes Benjamin Franklin's thought on commerce in America. Commerce concerned the circulation of raw materials and finished goods, rough ideas, and refined sentiments, and involved much more than simply buying and selling. According to Franklin, commerce, or the exchange of one...

...This chapter defines “internal slave trade” as the practice of selling people within the society where they reside. For analytical purposes, however, the term is more usefully reserved for a system of commerce in human beings that is relatively autonomous—with primarily endogenous determinants...

... “improvements” that facilitated international trade. Trade required credit to expand, and by the middle of the nineteenth century, foreign credit had become available to finance both overseas commerce itself and projects, especially railroads, necessary to promote exports. For the Brazilian elite...

... privilege to trade with the Indian tribes west of the Upper Mississippi, and along the Missouri, for six years. Maxent, long involved with this Illinois Country commerce, formed a venture with Laclède, who had come to New Orleans in 1755. Laclède directed his clerk and stepson, Auguste Chouteau, and thirty...

... at various periods between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and their French inhabitants came under the sovereignty of the United States at different times, the francophone actors share many similarities. For example, they were dedicated to commerce and the pursuit of profit, and exploited...

... of doux commerce to show how modernity would replace the old warrior ethic of glory in order to produce new habits based on individualism and an ethic of and “self-interest rightly understood.” This ethic was in turn the source of a distinctively modern pathology that leads people to flee from...

... became the catalysts for English merchants to adapt a large range of innovative business models to operate overseas. The overlapping interests of merchants sparked the global expansion of England's commerce. The chapter uses the experiences of English merchant William Turner, who had been caught...

... imported from the Sahara and traded across the Mediterranean to entrepreneurial farms in the American West, the author explores the details of a remarkably vibrant yet ephemeral culture. This is a story of global commerce, colonial economic practices, and the rise and fall of a glamorous luxury item....

... the Constitution in its final version, including its opening Preamble. As Washington's first minister to Paris, he became America's most effective representative in France. A successful, international entrepreneur, he understood the dynamics of commerce in the modern world. Frankly cosmopolitan, he embraced city...

... nineteenth century was the question of how to divide governmental power among rival 1 The Interbellum Constitution: Union, Commerce, and Slavery in the Age ofFederalisms. Alison L. LaCroix, Yale University Press books, (2024). Copyright © 2024 by Alison L. LaCroix. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780300223217.003.0001 2...

... electoral politics, the Treasury Department's control over monetary policy, and the Interstate Commerce Commission's regulation of railroads to examine how conservative politicians created a new type of bureaucratic state to insulate policy decisions from popular control....

...This chapter sheds new light on the foundations of Congress’s commerce power, a crucial tool wielded by the federal government in the nineteenth century and still today. Four years before the Supreme Court issued its landmark initial ruling on the Commerce Clause, Chief Justice John Marshall...

... agents and reporting standards imposed by merchants and private corporations, remained valuable assets that could be used in other industries than just commerce. The chapter also covers the militarization and colonisation of trade. England's merchants shaped the country's trade and empire not just...

... argues that postindustrial social structures and postmodern ideological orientations have played a role in promoting the intrusion of capitalistic behaviors and attitudes in the cultural sphere. It first looks at the earlier conflict between commerce and high culture before showing the commodification...

...The U.S. Supreme Court contemplated for the first time the meaning of commerce power as stipulated in the Constitution in the case of Gibbons v. Ogden. The case, first scheduled for consideration in 1821 but delayed until 1824, concerned a New York state law granting Robert Fulton...

... “the new philosophy” of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aspect of the modern world explored most fully is, then, sometimes called “the rise of modern science,” or “the scientific revolution.” It took place during the first age of global commerce. To give the study some geographical focus, most...