... for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade. This chapter examines the connection between Johnson’s concern for Barber and his writing about slavery, with particular emphasis on his broader interest in the welfare of blacks and the issue of anti-slavery. —and SJ’s household —and Boswell —homes...

... military campaigns against indigenous populations. It looks at the use of enslaved blacks to explore and expand Spanish frontiers throughout the Americas, to help Spain defend the Caribbean, and to fight against escaped slaves. It also discusses Cuba's creation of militias of free men of color, the rise...

... attempts to defend a hierarchy of wealth that has grown increasingly unequal. The chapter highlights the economic inequality in the United States, which is a problem that suggests having too little Social Justice. The racialization of poverty resulted in a view on the right that Blacks and people of color...

...In its 1857 Dred Scott decision the Supreme Court ruled that “negroes” were not, and never had been, citizens of the United States. Two justices dissented, declaring that when the Constitution was adopted free blacks possessed the rights of citizens, including suffrage, in seven states. The rights...

...Louis Farrakhan, then minister of Boston's Mosque #11 and known as Louis X, played the lead in Orgena (“a Negro” spelled backward) in 1961 in New York City, The play re-creates the history of black slavery and the debasement of the tribe of Shabazz. He also wrote The Trial...

... of the trial was also propitious: Jurors would hail from Bloody Lowndes County, so-called because of the brutal treatment blacks had received there since the end of the Reconstruction. The journalists failed to appreciate how badly Murphy had hurt the prosecution's case. Under cross-examination, Leroy Moton...

... authorities to turn to free blacks, Jews, and persons of mixed ancestry for compulsory assistance. While free blacks and men of mixed ancestry were required to offer military service, and Jews were burdened with extraordinary taxation, a select handful of men and women of mixed ancestry aided the colonial...

...Choosing a settlement site for the Maroons in Sierra Leone was no easy task. The Nova Scotian blacks, settled in Freetown since 1792, demanded legal and property rights and were perceived by the small British elite as a “troublesome” people. The elite worried that the Nova Scotian Loyalists would...

...: the city streets were littered with open sewers, horse manure, human urine, rotting food, dead animals, and all kinds of rubbish. Then there was the noise and so many people in the streets and the courtyards. Among those people were blacks. Shortly after Quashey arrived in London, he converted...

...This chapter focuses on Francis Barber’s life under the care of Samuel Johnson. Barber was one of many thousands of people, including blacks, who worked in domestic service in mid eighteenth-century England. During the period, there were some 50,000 servants in London—about a thirteenth...

.... Minor ranching districts became established along the Pacific coast, but not until 1540. Blacks actually had much more opportunity to make creative contributions in America than in either al-Andalus or Andalusia. The distinctive herding ecology and practices that emerged from that hybridization came...

...This chapter examines the role of blacks in the open-range cattle herding of Barbuda, one of the Leeward Islands of the Caribbean, from the seventeenth century onward. The possibility that black Barbudans might have played some role in establishing cattle ranching in the Lesser Antilles requires...

.... It also considers how Barber developed an unlikely friendship with Johnson and how he ended up as the heir of one of the most celebrated men of the day. Barber’s story offers a glimpse into the lives of blacks in eighteenth-century Britain and reminds us of a time when slaves roamed the streets of London...

...This chapter considers the legacy of blacks in the establishment of cattle ranching in America. The ranching frontier that emerged in the Teche Valley of Louisiana in the first half of the eighteenth century influenced the frontier that emerged on the prairies to the west later in the eighteenth...

.... One reason is because of white residents' proximity to black residents. There is a long tradition in the South of perpetrating violence against black people simply because white people perceived them as a threat, even when they were innocent. These prejudices are dramatized by crimes that may have...

...In New England, if anywhere, equal rights might have included people of color. Free blacks comprised a small fraction of the population, and slave uprisings posed no threat. Yet in this region, as in others, racism prevailed. Discrimination in public business, including voting and education...

...Adam Clayton Powell Jr. was pastor of the historic Abyssinian Church in Harlem for many years and America’s only nationally prominent black politician. Many Americans knew of the kind of Christianity represented by Powell only because they knew something about him. An historic and contradictory...

...This book explains the role of blacks in establishing cattle ranching in a range of places throughout the Americas. It demonstrates that Africans played significant creative roles in establishing production systems so fundamental to the environmental and social relations of the colonies...

...This chapter deals with gays and lesbians as another group that was subjected to serious degradation akin to the terrible mistreatment of blacks. It provides a description of the tension between the judiciary and legislatures in the evolution of the relationship up to the recognition...