
Contents
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Austrian Christian Social Ideology and the Empire Austrian Christian Social Ideology and the Empire
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In Lueger’s Footsteps: Ignaz Seipel In Lueger’s Footsteps: Ignaz Seipel
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Seipel, the Salzburg Circle, and the War Seipel, the Salzburg Circle, and the War
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Between Vienna and Rome: Alcide De Gasperi Between Vienna and Rome: Alcide De Gasperi
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De Gasperi on Nationalism, Socialism, and Jews De Gasperi on Nationalism, Socialism, and Jews
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Italian Clericals and the War Italian Clericals and the War
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Christian Socialism and 1918 Christian Socialism and 1918
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The 1922 Geneva Accords The 1922 Geneva Accords
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Seipel and the League of Nations Seipel and the League of Nations
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Seipel and Internationalism Seipel and Internationalism
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Nationalism and Anti-Semitism Nationalism and Anti-Semitism
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Conclusions Conclusions
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3. Empire, Catholicism, and the Nation, 1880s–1920s
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Published:February 2024
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Abstract
This chapter offers an analysis of two Christian Social parties—the Austrian and the Italian —and their leading personalities, Ignaz Seipel and Alcide De Gasperi, respectively. Both of them, and in particular De Gasperi, carried on the tradition of federalist internationalism leading up to the foundation of the European Union in the 1950s. The Christian Social ideology, one of the most important to emerge in the empire, had a lasting effect on Europe in the twentieth century. The Habsburg Empire gave rise to several Christian Social parties, each carrying on into several successor states. The continuity is most obvious in Austria itself, where Christian Democracy has remained a dominant party to the present day. In post-1918 Italy, the Christian Social ideology united Italians from the old empire as well as the kingdom, but it was the old-empire Italians who, drawing on a more durable Christian Social tradition, were more significant in the movement. The Christian Social legacy is so lasting, and at the same time so controversial, that any discussion of the empire and post-1918 Europe without it would be incomplete.
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