
Contents
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Marketstructures Marketstructures
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Barriers to Entry Barriers to Entry
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Multinationals at Concentrated Points in the Supply Chain Multinationals at Concentrated Points in the Supply Chain
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International Trade International Trade
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Politicalstructures Politicalstructures
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The Scope and Domain of Governance Structures The Scope and Domain of Governance Structures
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Coevolution of NGO Tactics and Perceived Problems Coevolution of NGO Tactics and Perceived Problems
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Three Markets and Politics in the Forest Sector
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Published:October 2014
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Abstract
This chapter examines the conditions and processes that led to the emergence of certification programs for responsible forest management practices. More specifically, it looks at the role of markets and politics in the initiation of certification programs. It also outlines the relevant market features of the forest sector, including high barriers to entry, multinationals' occupation of several points of concentration in the supply chain, and low levels of international trade compared with fisheries and the coffee industry. Furthermore, it traces the history of intergovernmental processes on forests and describes how they have coevolved with the activism of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Finally, the chapter highlights differences in opportunities available to NGOs and businesses.
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