
Contents
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A friend in need A friend in need
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The view from Iran The view from Iran
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Neighbourhood matters Neighbourhood matters
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Domestic dynamics Domestic dynamics
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Hezbollah’s role: a dilemma for Nasrallah Hezbollah’s role: a dilemma for Nasrallah
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Suleimani’s Syria? Suleimani’s Syria?
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Qassem Suleimani and the Quds Force Qassem Suleimani and the Quds Force
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Reorganisation: ‘The Syrian Army is useless!’ Reorganisation: ‘The Syrian Army is useless!’
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Assad’s eroding state: spiralling costs, rising debt Assad’s eroding state: spiralling costs, rising debt
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Partner or puppet? Partner or puppet?
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Seven To the hilt: Assad’s allies dig in
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Published:October 2016
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Abstract
This chapter investigates Assad's allies, particularly Iran, and their support for the regime. From the beginning of Syria's civil war, Assad's allies were more willing to ensure the regime's survival than those states that wished to hasten its fall. For the first four years, Iran was by far Assad's most important ally. Major General Qassem Suleimani led a major reorganisation of the regime's forces, brought in Hezbollah and other Shia militias, and directed key aspects of military strategy. Financial and military support prevented the regime from collapsing under pressure, while Iran and Hezbollah's role significantly contributed to sectarianising the conflict. Such deep involvement by Assad's allies greatly impacted the shape of the Syrian civil war.
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