Measured (left-hand panel) and ray (right-hand panel) traveltimes for the 3-D model with a fast anomaly near the CMB. Top panel: P-wave delays. Bottom panel: S-wave delays. The four earthquake locations used in this study are shown with stars. The traveltime delays are shown for the earthquake marked with the larger star. The circular symbols on the measured delay plots show the station locations for the earthquake for which delays are shown. This same array is rotated to be centred on each earthquake for its recording. We chose to measure delays out only to Δ = 120° as this is the maximum epicentral distance at which we expect to see a direct P wave; we measure S-delays out to the same distance to avoid biasing the results for the bulk anomaly.