Source and receiver locations for the topographic model with a 3-D Gaussian-shaped hill. The hill is of the shape z(x, y) = 1000 exp (− (x²+y²)/1000²) with the maximum height of 1000 m. The topography is shown as the surface computation grid points with a decimation factor of 4. The source is located inside the topographic region with x=−800 m, y= 0 m and vertically 100 m below the free surface. The epicentre location is shown as a star in the figure. There are six receivers, deployed every 800 m along the x-axis at the surface along y= 1300 m. The horizontal coordinates of the six receivers are (− 2400, 1300), (− 1600, 1300), (− 800, 1300), (0, 1300), (800, 1300) and (1600, 1300).