Mapping between the ionosphere and magnetosphere using dipole magnetic fields. The solid black lines show the latitude range of our heating distribution. The dotted lines show the approximate 12–15 L-shell range for the cam currents defined by Southwood & Kivelson (2007). The dashed line shows the location of the flow shear in our simplified model of rotational flow in the magnetosphere, coinciding with the main auroral oval in the interpretation of Cowley et al. (2004). The thin grey lines (two of which lie contiguous with the solid black lines already described) show how the latitude points of our thermosphere model map to the equatorial magnetosphere.