The distributions of v_ϕ for red-clump giants (black data points) and fits to them – in each panel the dashed curve shows the kinematic model specified by equations (7) and (8), while the full curve shows the model convolved with the mean errors in v_ϕ. The red points show the predictions of the B12 dynamical model. The mean coordinates of the stars in each bin are given at top left, followed by the rms velocity error (eV) and the sample mean of v_ϕ (vbar). In this and all subsequent histograms, the horizontal bars span the width of the bins and the vertical bars indicate Poisson errors.