Stacked dust mass as a function of g−r colour, redshift and stellar mass. Dust mass is derived from equation (9) using the fitted dust temperatures from Fig. 14. Error bars include the statistical 1σ errors in the bins as described in Section 3.3, with an additional contribution due to the error on the fitted temperature. The lensing contribution has been removed from the red bins, and error bars include the associated uncertainty. The shaded region shows the range of characteristic dust masses measured by D11, which evolve from 3.8 × 10⁷  M_⊙ at z < 0.1 to 2.2 × 10⁸  M_⊙ at z∼ 0.35.