Six-month microfilarial repopulation rates in 10 Ghanaian communities from the onset of a biannual ivermectin treatment strategy. Filled and open data points represent, respectively, estimated mean microfilarial loads 6 months after the first or second round of ivermectin treatment, expressed as a percentage of the microfilarial load estimated just before the preceding round of ivermectin treatment. These estimates are derived from Model 1B, Table 2, which adjusts for the variable follow-up times among communities, permitting estimation of directly comparable standardized 6-month rates of repopulation. The 6-month microfilarial repopulation rate from Baaya is not shown because only 1 participant was microfilaria positive and followed up in this community (Table 1), leading to very large associated estimates of uncertainty. Vertical lines indicate 95% confidence bounds, calculated using robust sandwich estimators of coefficient standard errors (Supplementary Methods). P values comparing the rate of repopulation with the reference village of Takumdo: ***P < .001; **P < .01.