FIG. 1.
Effect of cigarette smoke exposure, MRTP aerosol exposure, cessation, and switching to a potential MRTP on the lung lipidomes of C57BL/6 and Apoe−/− mice. A, Experimental design for the 2 mouse inhalation studies, investigating exposure effects in C57BL/6 and Apoe−/− mice. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke, a potential MRTP (THS2.2 or pMRTP) or fresh air (sham). Some mice were exposed to CS for 2 months and then either underwent cessation or were switched to the MRTP. Lung tissue samples for lipidomics and proteomics were collected at the indicated time points (L = lipidomics, P = proteomics). B, Lipid class concentrations for both studies. The sums of the median lipid species concentrations of a class across the whole study are shown. If a lipid class was quantified in both studies, only lipid species detected in both studies were considered in calculating the lipid class sum. Values were sorted based on the maximum values in both studies. The insert shows the lower abundance lipid classes. See Materials and Methods for the list of abbreviations. C, Detailed composition profiles for glycerophospholipids and DAG. Only lipid compositions contributing at least 20% to the total concentration of either lipid class were included. D, Composition profiles for d18:1 Cer, Glc/GalCer, LacCer, and Gb3. E, Differential abundance profiles for lipid species with significant differential abundance in both studies. Each row shows 1 lipid species, each column an exposure condition compared to the sham group at the respective time point. The fold-change compared with sham exposure is color-coded (see color key). Significantly abundant differences are indicated (*BH-adjusted P-value < .05, XBH-adjusted P-value < .01). In addition, the molar contribution of significantly abundant lipid species to their lipid class is indicated by the shade of the significance indicator (“species fractions”). (See Supplementary Data for the full set of quantified lipids). F, Differential abundance profiles for lipid species that were quantified only in the C57BL/6 study.

Effect of cigarette smoke exposure, MRTP aerosol exposure, cessation, and switching to a potential MRTP on the lung lipidomes of C57BL/6 and Apoe−/− mice. A, Experimental design for the 2 mouse inhalation studies, investigating exposure effects in C57BL/6 and Apoe−/− mice. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke, a potential MRTP (THS2.2 or pMRTP) or fresh air (sham). Some mice were exposed to CS for 2 months and then either underwent cessation or were switched to the MRTP. Lung tissue samples for lipidomics and proteomics were collected at the indicated time points (L = lipidomics, P = proteomics). B, Lipid class concentrations for both studies. The sums of the median lipid species concentrations of a class across the whole study are shown. If a lipid class was quantified in both studies, only lipid species detected in both studies were considered in calculating the lipid class sum. Values were sorted based on the maximum values in both studies. The insert shows the lower abundance lipid classes. See Materials and Methods for the list of abbreviations. C, Detailed composition profiles for glycerophospholipids and DAG. Only lipid compositions contributing at least 20% to the total concentration of either lipid class were included. D, Composition profiles for d18:1 Cer, Glc/GalCer, LacCer, and Gb3. E, Differential abundance profiles for lipid species with significant differential abundance in both studies. Each row shows 1 lipid species, each column an exposure condition compared to the sham group at the respective time point. The fold-change compared with sham exposure is color-coded (see color key). Significantly abundant differences are indicated (*BH-adjusted P-value < .05, XBH-adjusted P-value < .01). In addition, the molar contribution of significantly abundant lipid species to their lipid class is indicated by the shade of the significance indicator (“species fractions”). (See Supplementary Data for the full set of quantified lipids). F, Differential abundance profiles for lipid species that were quantified only in the C57BL/6 study.

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