Protein expression of TNFα and VEGFA in duodenal mucosa of control subjects, patients with T1D, and patients with CD. Left: Semiquantitative analysis of TNFα and VEGFA staining in sections of duodenal mucosa of control subjects, patients with T1D, and patients with CD. Positivity score (0 = negative cell, 1 = weak positivity, 2 = medium positivity, and 3 = strong positivity) percentage distribution is shown as a histogram and analyzed using the χ² test. N indicates the number of cases available per group. **P < 0.01. Right: Representative images of TNFα and VEGFA staining in the biopsies, counterstained with hematoxylin, of duodenal mucosa of control subjects, patients with T1D, and patients with CD. Scale bar, 50 µm.