Adipocyte lipolysis. Preadipocytes were established from O-BP (n = 18), O-GDM (n = 18), and O-T1DM (n = 16) and cultured until maturity. Media, RNA, and protein were harvested at day 12 with and without 3 days of 10 µM fatty acid supply. (a) Lipolysis estimated by glycerol release into the cell media. (b) Overview of regulation of lipolysis. (c) ATGL protein levels. (d) HSL protein levels. (e) Western blot of HSL, ATGL, and β-actin. Hatched bars indicate 10 μM fatty acid supply. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. The time and fat effect was analyzed by repeated ANOVA. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 (t test). DG, diglycerides; FFA, free fatty acids; MG, monoglycerides; TG, triglycerides.