Oltipraz effect on Agt, Nrf2, hnRNP F, and hnRNP K gene expression in IRPTCs. Effect of oltipraz on promoter activity of (a) Nrf2, (b) Agt, (c) hnRNP F, and (d) hnRNP K genes and their respective mRNA (e–h) and protein (i and j) levels in IRPTCs incubated in NG or HG medium ± insulin with or without PD98059. Promoter activity, mRNA, and protein levels in cells in NG medium are considered as 100% or arbitrary unit 1, respectively. The results are reported as percentages of control values (mean ± SEM, n = 3). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.005. Similar results were obtained in three separate experiments. Control IRPTCs in NG (open bars), IRPTCs treated with oltipraz (solid black bars), IRPTCs treated with oltipraz + Ins (horizontal striped bars), and IRPTCs treated with oltipraz + insulin + PD98059 (diagonal striped bars). DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; NS, not significant; RLU, relative luciferase unit.