(Left) Eye movements elicited by a face stimulus, as studied by the Russian psychophysicist Alfred Yarbus (1914–86) in the 1960s. (Right) Oskar Kokoschka. ‘Der gefesselte Columbus’ (1921). Lithograph. ‘Some aspects of Yarbus’s findings are echoed in Kokoschka’s lithographs. The images look as if the artist were retracing his own eye movements as he observed the subject. Once again, Kokoschka seems to be bringing to the unconscious surface of his art the unconscious processes of his mind – in this case, the mechanisms by which the eye actively explores and interprets the physical and human world, particularly the face.’ (p. 339).