Effect of time interval between AMD and LPS administrations on the induction of liver injury. Rats were treated with AMD (300 mg/kg, ip) 2, 8, 12, 16, or 20 h before LPS (1.6 × 10⁶ EU/kg, iv). Serum ALT activity was measured 10 h after LPS injection. # and * indicate significantly different from AMD/Sal or Vehicle/LPS, respectively. p < 0.05, n = 3–8.