A, Timeline for maternal treatments and behavioral analyses of wild-type offspring in experiments 2 and 3. B–D, Maternal glucose tolerance test at gestational day 18.5 (experiment 1). Data are presented as averages ± SE and were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Serum insulin, measured at 0 and 30 minutes (C), and leptin measured at 120 minutes (D) of glucose tolerance test (n, WT = 7 and DB/+ = 9). E–J, In experiments 2 and 3, maternal serum was taken at d16.5 for fasting blood glucose (E and H), insulin (F and I), and leptin (G and J) of WT and DB/+ (E–G) and SAL and LEP (H–J) dams (n: WT = 13, DB/+ = 12, SAL = 14, and LEP = 14) (*, P < .05). Fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin are presented as averages ± SE and were analyzed by using Student's t test.