Figure 3.
Estimated five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations attributed to aircraft and pavement deicer freezing point depressants (FPDs) in samples from monitoring sites near Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport, 2005–2022, and percent of measured BOD5 and COD concentrations. The contribution of non-FPD (“other”) compounds at each site was calculated by subtracting the sum of BOD5 or COD contributed by all FPDs from the measured BOD5 or COD. The dashed line represents values that were not detected and are assumed to be zero. If other contributions to BOD5 or COD were negative, these values were set to zero to represent their minimal influence to BOD5 and COD. Formate was not included in estimates for BOD5 because toxicity to bacteria in the formate-containing product prevented measurements of BOD5. The number of samples apportioned for each site were as follows: infall, n = 25; primary outfall, n = 63; secondary outfall, n = 43; receiving stream, n = 51; tertiary outfall, n = 27. Two outliers for % COD contributed and 11 outliers for % BOD5 contributed (greater than 150%) were included in boxplot calculations but were excluded by scale limits to provide easier interpretation of most of the data. PG = propylene glycol; EG = ethylene glycol; Ac = acetate; For = formate. Boxes, 25th to 75th percentiles; dark line, median; whiskers, data within 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR); circles, values outside 1.5× the IQR.

Estimated five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations attributed to aircraft and pavement deicer freezing point depressants (FPDs) in samples from monitoring sites near Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport, 2005–2022, and percent of measured BOD5 and COD concentrations. The contribution of non-FPD (“other”) compounds at each site was calculated by subtracting the sum of BOD5 or COD contributed by all FPDs from the measured BOD5 or COD. The dashed line represents values that were not detected and are assumed to be zero. If other contributions to BOD5 or COD were negative, these values were set to zero to represent their minimal influence to BOD5 and COD. Formate was not included in estimates for BOD5 because toxicity to bacteria in the formate-containing product prevented measurements of BOD5. The number of samples apportioned for each site were as follows: infall, n =25; primary outfall, n =63; secondary outfall, n =43; receiving stream, n =51; tertiary outfall, n =27. Two outliers for % COD contributed and 11 outliers for % BOD5 contributed (greater than 150%) were included in boxplot calculations but were excluded by scale limits to provide easier interpretation of most of the data. PG = propylene glycol; EG = ethylene glycol; Ac = acetate; For = formate. Boxes, 25th to 75th percentiles; dark line, median; whiskers, data within 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR); circles, values outside 1.5× the IQR.

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