Absorption contributions from different molecules in a potentially inhabited TRAPPIST-1e spectrum with surface concentrations similar to a Neoproterozoic Earth (Kaltenegger et al. 2020) and a mixing ratio of H|$_2$|O fixed at |$10^{-2}$|⁠. Each colour represents a molecule (see legend). Error bars illustrate noise based on the SNR, with the strongest CO|$_2$| peak used to define the signal. The error bars represent a |$1\sigma$| uncertainty.