Increased expression of Nogo-A⁺ cells at acute and chronic time points following human TBI. (A) Nogo-A-positive cells in a control patient, (B) in a patient with acute TBI, and (C) a patient with chronic TBI. (D) Quantification of Nogo-A-positive cells in TBI patients shows an increased number of Nogo-A-positive cells at both the acute and chronic time points when compared to the control tissue. Scale bars in (A)-(C) 100 µm with digitally zoomed insert (2.5-fold). The numberof Nogo-A-positive cells is presented as median with whiskers, 1-way-ANOVA with Bonferroni correction (D).