RNA editing activity of dPPRe in planta. (A) Immunodetection of chloroplast dPPRe^rpl2, dPPRe^ndhB, and mitochondrial dPPRe^nad7 accumulation in N. benthamiana leaves at 2 and 3 days post-infiltration (dpi). Arrowheads indicate the protein bands corresponding to dPPRe (∼97 kDa) and the suppressor of silencing, P19 protein (∼19 kDa). (B) Sequencing electrophoregrams of cDNA from a replicate of each in planta experiment. Expression of dPPRe in N. benthamiana leaf led to de novo C-to-U RNA editing at the target sites in endogenous chloroplast rpl2, ndhB, and mitochondrial nad7 transcripts as revealed by the appearance of a T peak in the cDNA sequence at these positions that is absent in the control cDNA (P19 alone). The average ERs with standard deviation (SD) and the number (n) of independently treated leaves are shown below (Supplementary Table S2). (C) ERs at the respective targeted dPPRe sites for individual replicates from each experimental set up. For P19/dPPRe^rpl2, the 2 dpi time point was assessed in three (n = 3) independently treated N. benthamiana leaves, and the 3 dpi time point was assessed in six (n = 6) leaves. The 3 dpi time point for P19/dPPRe^ndhB and P19/dPPRe^nad7 was assessed in seven (n = 7) independently treated leaves. The P19 control for P19/dPPRe^nad7 at 3 dpi was assessed in six (n = 6) leaves. Data are presented as means ± SD and were compared using t-tests with P-values shown in the graph (Supplementary Table S2).