CD3⁺ T cells-CD14⁺ monocyte complexes are reduced after inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. (A) UMAP depicts protein translation by measuring puromycin uptake at baseline for each subset of cells [CD3⁺ CD14⁺, CD14⁺ monocytes, CD16⁺ monocytes, and CD4/CD8 T cell subsets (naïve, TCM, TEM, and TEMRA) in 15 individuals (blue: non-diabetic PLWH, magenta: 10 pre-diabetic, diabetic PWoH). The heatmap on the right shows the different markers that define each cluster. (B) UMAP depicts the glucose dependence of each cluster, with a legend showing the differential scale. (C) UMAP depicts the mitochondrial dependence of each cluster. (D) Bar plots show percent glucose dependence (left) and percent mitochondrial dependence (right) of CD3⁺ T cells-CD14⁺ monocyte complexes, CD14⁺ Monocytes, CD4⁺ TCM, and CD8⁺ TCM (blue dots—non-diabetic, magenta dots—Pre-diabetes/diabetes). (E) The proportion of CD3⁺ T cell-CD14⁺ monocyte complexes decreases with oligomycin's inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation. There is no change with 2DG. Statistical analysis using Mann–Whitney Test (D) and paired t-test (E).