Democracy and population health (1789–2015).

Notes: This figure depicts the evolution of democratic institutions and health outcomes averaged for different world regions classified by the World Bank, including East Asia and Pacific (EAP), Europe and Central Asia (ECA), Latin America and Caribbean (LAC), Middle East and North Africa (MENA), North America (NA), South Asia (SA), and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), between 1789 and 2015. Democracy is captured by the multiplicative polyarchy index obtained from the Varieties of Democracy dataset. Health outcomes include life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate. See Section 3 for variables’ description and data sources.