An illustration of the radial artifacts of the dispersion image in f–v domain. (a) The subset (blue triangles) of ChinArray (Phase II). (b) The interstation NCFs. (c) The dispersion image generated by original imaging condition. (d) The dispersion image generated by new imaging condition. The white dashed lines denote the radial artifacts predicted by ARF. New imaging condition is effective for the removal of crossed artifacts but not for radial artifacts. The black dashed lines represent the dispersion curves predicted by the averaged model given by Wang et al. (2020).