Hong Kong GDP contribution by industries.

Notes: Data are from the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. The seven industry groups are the same as the employees’ occupation groups in the 2001 census survey: (1) investment-related industries include finance and insurance, real estate, professional and business services; (2) tourist-related industries include import/export, wholesale and retail trades, accommodation and food services; (3) public administration includes public administration, social and personal services; (4) others are not specified; (5) transport and communication includes transportation, storage, postal and courier services, information and communications; (6) construction; and (7) manufacturing each represent one sector. It shows tourism-related industries’ fast growth and strong contribution to the Hong Kong GDP during our study period (2003–2018).