Statistical knowledge before and after rTMS. a) The y axis shows the mean statistical learning scores (RT difference between high- and low-probability trials in ms) of the four groups of the learning session. The DLPFC groups did not differ from the sham group in statistical learning. Error bars represent standard error. b) Individual statistical learning scores in the four groups. c) The y axis shows the mean statistical learning scores (RT difference between high- and low-probability trials in ms) of the four groups of the retrieval session. The Bilateral DLPFC group outperformed the Sham group in the retrieval of statistical knowledge (P < 0.01). Error bars represent standard error. d) Individual statistical learning scores in the four groups.