Effect size comparison to other interventions Notes: This figure shows treatment effect sizes for (academic) high school tracking or completion of different interventions in the related literature. The figure distinguishes between academic high school in Germany and Switzerland (Panel a) and high school completion in the U.S. and Canada (Panel b). The effect size for the Baloo and You programme is reported in Falk et al. (2020). The effect size of the Perry Preschool Program is reported in Heckman et al. (2010a). The intervention effect size of the Montreal Longitudinal Study is reported in Algan et al. (2022). The effect size for the BAM intervention represents the midpoint of the range of 12–19% as provided in Heller et al. (2017). The effect size of the Pathways programme is reported in Oreopoulos et al. (2017).