Overview of nongermline (NGL) residues outside of the CDR3 from paired antibody VH-VL sequences in OAS. (a) Distribution of OAS derived antibody origins, showing naive B-cells as the predominant source (42%), followed by unsorted B-cells (39%), and memory B-cells (17%). (b) Distribution of NGL residues across different regions. (c) Distribution of NGL residues outside the CDR3 per sequence by source. Naive B-cell derived antibodies lack NGL residues, while memory B-cell derived antibodies display an average of ∼10 and ∼5.3 NGL residues in their VH and VL, respectively. Therapeutic antibodies exhibit averages of ∼11.5 and ∼8.8 NGL residues for the VH and VL. Supplementary Figure S2 provides an extended view of the distribution across both chains, with memory B-cell and therapeutic antibodies averaging ∼15.3 and ∼20.3 NGL residues, respectively.