Demographic history of Japanese A. halleri. (A) The best demographic model suggested by the approximate Bayesian computation analysis. The DIYABC-RF v.1.2.1 software was used (Collin et al. 2021). Effective population sizes of current and ancestral populations and split times are shown with 95% credible intervals. (B) The pairwise sequential Markovian coalescent (PSMC) analysis of four Japanese subpopulations (Li and Durbin 2011). Thick lines represent the PSMC estimates on the original sequence for each individual, and thin lines indicate the results for 100 bootstrap runs.