Effect of the cell count on scGSA performance. (A) Recovery rate of scGSA performance on SSD in scenario 1. (B) SSD in scenario 2. (C) RWSD in scenario 1. (D) RWSD in scenario 2. Recovery rate (y-axis) for varying cell count per group (x-axis) across the seven methods, with a gene set size of 100 and a noise level of 0%. The colors represent seven scGSA methods: AddModuleScore (light blue), AUCell (blue), JASMINE (yellow), scPS (red), SCSE (orange), UCell (purple) and ssGSEA (light purple).