Measurement of cardiac pathological and cardiac function after LIPUS therapy. (A) Mice were injected with MyHCα+CFA or CFA on day 0 and day 7. Mice were given LIPUS treatment every other day from day 7 to day 42 and were sacrificed on day 42. (B) HW/BW ratios were measured on day 42 (P < 0.0001 iDCM vs. Control and P = 0.0242 iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM). (C) Cardiac tissue H&E staining was performed (scale bars = 100 μm) and the H&E images were analysed based on histological grades (P < 0.0001 iDCM vs. Control and P = 0.0309 iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM). (D) CD4⁺ cell infiltration in the cardiac sections was analysed by immunohistochemistry (scale bars = 100 μm; P < 0.0001 iDCM vs. Control and P = 0.0033 iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM). (E) Representative masson trichrome stains and quantitation of fibrosis in mice hearts. The blue-stained collagen fibre area was expressed as a percentage of the total field area analysed (scale bars = 100 μm; P < 0.0001 iDCM vs. Control and P = 0.0361 iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM). (F) FITC-WGA staining of cardiomyocyte membrane (scale bars = 50 μm; P < 0.0001 iDCM vs. Control and P = 0.0006 iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM). (G) Typical representative diagrams of four groups on day 42. (H) EF (Day 14: P = 0.0018; Day 21: P = 0.0003; Day42: P = 0.0002# iDCM vs. Control; P = 0.0012 * iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM), and FS (Day 21: P = 0.0009; Day42: P = 0.0004 # iDCM vs. Control; P = 0.0391 * iDCM + LIPUS vs. iDCM; B-H, n = 16) was measured using echocardiography. Results are expressed as mean ± SD; one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; ^##P < 0.01; ^###P < 0.001.