Observed, model and residual interferograms (quadtree sampled) for the best-fitting distributed slip model. The RMSE between the observed and model data is shown in brackets. (b) Distributed afterslip model. The epicentre (star) and the coseismic rupture area (dashed contours) are also shown. (c) Difference in modelled slip with and without SSA analysis. (d) PCMRs for thrust (red), strike-slip (blue) and normal (yellow) earthquakes with a range of magnitudes 5–9.2. The circle symbol represents an afterslip release time of less than one year, and the square symbol is greater than one year. Dashed lines correspond to 1, 10 and 100 per cent PCMRs. The earthquake data presented in the figure are compiled from Satyabala et al. (2012); Han et al. (2022) and reference therein; Alwahedi & Hawthorne (2019); Jafari et al. (2023) and Fattahi et al. (2015).