Figure 1.
Standardized effect sizes with 95% error bars for the motivations to avoid distractions, to be present and to improve well-being, differentiating within- and between-person effects. Confidence intervals for distraction and presence motivation at the within-person level do not include zero.

Single-model test of within- and between-person effects of all three motivations on digital disconnection.

Notes. β coefficients based on z-transformed variables. Including control variables age and gender. N = 230, T = 7,360

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