Differential gene expression in genes associated with TGF-β signaling. Plotted are the log₂ fold changes in transcript abundance of TGF-β signaling-associated genes at each developmental stage between C. inopinata and C. elegans. Values >0 reveal genes with higher expression in C. inopinata, whereas values <0 note genes with higher expression in C. elegans. The genes included were extracted from Table 1 of Gumienny and Savage-Dunn 2013. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. All P-values were corrected for multiple testing (Holm method; see Materials and methods).